Fundamentals of Photography: 1. Cameras (What cameras can and cannot do, and the specifications)*
2. Exposure (Metering + Hightlight & Shadow and exposure latitude/dynamic range)
3. Shutter speed (What effect fast and slow shutter speeds will create)
4. Aperture (What effect large and small f-stops have on depth-of-field)
5. Lenses (Focal lengths, exaggerated and compressed perspectives, focusing)
6. ISO speeds
7. Colour Temperature (white balance)
8. Lighting (Frontlighting, 45-degree Side Lighting, 90-degree Side Lighting and Backlighting)
*Understanding the workings of the camera is not the same as having an obsession in buying/collecting the latest gear.
6 & 7 used to be classified as one and under "Films" during the analog era. In the digital era, the functions have been separated as ISO speeds and colour temperatures are no longer inter-dependent as they were with film.
Framing/Composition are not part of the fundamentals - these are subjectives and vary from one photographer to the other, and there's no concrete rules regarding the perfect framing and composition methods. The best framing and compositions in great images come from the combinations of the 8 fundamentals mentioned.
Great photos come naturally with the mastering of the above fundamentals. Such images are created from the combinations of these fundamentals. Study examples of great images and see the combination used in them, and ask yourself how many of these fundamentals are being utilised to create those stunning shots.
cheerioous~!! (◕‿◕✿)
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